Evolution Today

Many ID proponents refute the evidence for evolution by saying that its not readily observable. While evolution is the gradual divergence of a species from its previous form due to adaptive advantages from genetic variation among individuals, Jerry Coyne mentions an example of the production of lactase (an enzyme used to digest milk) in humans beyond infancy is due to the rise of "pastoral" farmers. Another example of modern evolution mentioned by Jerry Coyne--is the increased presence of allele CCR5-Δ32 in humans, which provides significantly increased resistance to AIDS virus. (pg. 217-9) Why is this information important? How can small adaptations today turn into a bigger evolutionary change in the future (give examples of how this could happen)? Where is evolution still occurring today--not just in humans? (Hint: Why did we discuss the need for vaccinations and seasonal flu shots in biology class?)